Reference valuesReference values

Abdominal wall / hernias — Reference values

Abdominal wall / hernias — Reference values: Technique — dynamic maneuver, Transducer, Hernia types — US location.

Measurements and reference values

MeasurementUsual valueNote
Technique — dynamic maneuverValsalva / standing increase sensitivity (detect occult hernia)Source: AJR / ECR poster
Transducer7,5–10 MHzlinear; sens. 86–96%, spec. 77–96% (inguinal)Source: PMC

Classifications and calculators

Hernia types — US location

TypeFinding
Indirect inguinalAntero-lateral to the spermatic cord
Direct inguinalMedial/posterior to the cord; conjoint tendon bulge on Valsalva
FemoralMedial to the femoral vein
Umbilical / epigastric / incisionalMidline / scar defect, with sac and contents

Diagnosis = contents (fat/bowel) crossing the fascial defect; measure the defect.

Source: AJR 2006

All exams